ABSTRACT Many fish species are capable of leaping out of water, and several robotic fish have been developed to mimic this behavior. However, enhancing jumping performance and achieving low-altitude gliding—as seen in flying fish—remain challenging. This study presents a bionic flying-fish robot capable of efficient high-speed swimming and water-exiting motion. Its morphology is reconstructed from a 3D scan of a flying fish, a representative cross-medium organism. Unlike conventional jumping robotic fish, the proposed design features an optimized body shape and an improved tail-dr
ABSTRACT During coal mining, coal and gangue with varying shapes, sizes, and masses are transporte together on conveyor belts, posing significant challenges for gangue sorting. Traditional manual sorting is increasingly limited by safety risks, labor costs, and the shortage of skilled workers. To address this problem, this paper presents a push-based gangue-sorting robotic system for industrial dynamic conveyor scenarios. The system is organized as a task-specific closed-loop robotic sorting framework that couples gangue perception, identity-consistent tracking, contour-level pose